“Education
is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who
prepare for it today.”
-Malcom
X
In
a developing country like India, one of the major scopes to become a
developed nation is educating all its citizens. And the education
must be quality education as said by Henry Ford – “Education
is preeminently a matter of quality, not amount.” This quality
education often differs between Government schools & private
schools of higher education which are present in a ratio of 7:5 in
India. There is a disparity between the Government & Private
schools in contexts of infrastructures, facilities, socio economic
background and the level of the teachers. Moreover, private schools
provide education in layered manner for easy learning and also
encourages co-curricular activities for the students. In India,
students suffer for their multiple identities on the basis of cast ,
creed, religion, sex etc. not only diverse them but also suffer
inequality.
In
this country of diversity, education can only show light of unity
among all. “Education is the primary asset which should be provided
to all” – This is the statement on basis of which the whole Right
To Education Act 2009 was established which boosted the literacy
level to 74.04% from 64.84% in 2009. Government of India then came
out with some schemes which helped to enhance the literacy rate along
with the RTE Act as because the primary responsibility of a country
is to provide equitable & quality education.
Under
this topic illiteracy is a burning issue and the illiterates who had
not received any primary education in their childhood become adults
and turn into adult illiterates. For them especially self-education
system is carried out just to recover the percentage of adult
illiterates. In case of illiteracy, a typical kind of illiteracy is
often seen as functional illiteracy…..
Functional
Illiteracy:
Functional
illiteracy is reading and writing skills that are inadequate “to
manage daily living and employment tasks that require reading skills
beyond a basic level.” If one cannot read and write the native
language may also be considered as Functional Illiterate. The
basic difference between purely Illiterate
and Functional Illiterate are purely illiterate person cannot
read or write any type of thing , even they cannot write their names.
But functional illiterate person can read or write simple words,
sentences, can count and even can signature. So that the functional
illiterates can read articles, notices, can do banking paper works.
So the there are less potential to be cheated for the functional
illiterate.
ADULT
EDUCATION:
Adult
education is such a process in which adults are engaged in systematic
and sustained process of self-education in which they gained new
forms of knowledge, skills, attitude, or values. In this process
adults engaged in beyond traditional schooling to get basic literacy
to personal fulfilment as a life ling learner. Adult education shines
back a specific philosophy about learning and based on the adults who
can and want to learn, are able and willing to take responsibilities
for that learning and the learning is responsible to their needs. It
can be any of the three contest-
i)
Formal Education: This type of education is restricted under the
educational or training institutes.
ii)
Non-Formal Education: This is usually take place outside the formal
education institutions.
iii)
Informal Education: These type of learning goes all the time , gained
from daily life activities, work, family, community and leisure.
There
are difference between teaching adults and children because adults
have knowledge and work experience which can add in learning.
Indian
Government set up Director of Adult Education in the year 1956
which was renamed as Department of Adult Education under N.C.E.R.T.
in 1961. Mainly in our country as adults are very much engaged in
earning their living, the cannot afford the luxury to attend school.
Being a developing country, the rural adult hardly can manage food
for the family. So being literate without any job security is very
sarcasm. Though the Director of Adult Education is promoting Adult
Education as the literacy ration any country is extremely important
as a country with educated adult population can get social, economic,
technological and moral progress.
To
overcome the comparatively high illiteracy rate in India, Government
introduced an Act named Right to Education Act in 2009 to provide
education to all the citizens of India…..
Right
to Educational Act,2009:
The
Right to Education Act enacted on 4August, 2009. The act allow Free
and Compulsory education for children between 6 to 14 years under
Article 21 of Indian constitution. After enacting the act India
become one of the 135 countries which make education a fundamental
right. The act came into force on 1 April, 2010. It requires 25%
seats of all public schools. The act has some provisions to provide
quality and compulsory education …….. like it “prohibits all
unrecognized schools from practices”, and it has also provisions
for no donation or capitation fees and no interview of the child or
parents during admission. The act also said that there will be no
held back or expelled of the children. There is also provision that
special training should be provided fcor the school drop outs to make
them eligible as the other children are. The World Bank education
specialist Sam Carlson has said “ The RTE( Right to Education Act)
is the first legislation in the world that puts the responsibility of
ensuringenrolment, attendance and completion on the Government. It is
the parents’ responsibility to send the children to schools in US
and other countries.”
Simultaneously,
with this act Indian Government has introduced some other schemes for
overall progress……
In
India we worship Goddess Saraswati but on the contrary girl education
is comparatively lacking behind. To provide them better education
opportunities a scheme has been introduced by CBSE.
UDAAN
UDAAN
is formed by CBSE under Human Resource Development (HRD) to provide
enrollment for girls who are left out of opportunities to study in
prestigious Colleges/Universities/Institutions for Post-Graduation.
1000 girl students of class XI and XII are facilitated by CBSE by
providing a study materials, regular tutorials with complete
monitoring of the students. Students are allowed to clear their
respective doubts through a given helpline. The selection of the
beneficiaries are on the basis of merit and economic status.
India
is in progress towards the formation of Digital India. In the making
education is to be made digital for easy dissemination of education.
A student might cannot get quality guidance from local teachers or
tutors he or she can get help from the quality teachers online.....
SWAYAM
(Study Webs of Active-learning for Young Aspiring Minds)
SWAYAM
is conducted under Human Resource Development (HRD) to initiate long
distance learning process by appointing professors of centrally
funded institutions free of cost but fees can be levied in case the
students ask for certificates. Variety of courses are offered in this
online learning process for providing more options and opportunities
for the students. The credits which are earned by the students in
their respective courses can be transferred to their academic
results.
Along
with schemes, some surveys are necessary to be conducted for better
functioning and their rectification…..
NAS
(National Assessments Surveys)
NAS
is conducted by NCERT after every 3 years of interval of for class
III, V,VIII, X for inspection of the high secondary schools and also
discuss about the betterment of the education and overall development
of the student, CBSE introduced an examination for class IX & XI
named PSA (Problem Solving Assessment) whose marks are attributed to
class 10 board exams with some fixed weightage. This exam is
basically introduced for students to solve logical reasoning.
This
is the current education system in India which is guided by some
Schemes, Act etc. which is regularly revised and new modifications
are brought. Such as a scheme called Mid-Day Meal at deprived regions
was introduced just to make all students be present at the school as
the first priority of the students and their families were food.
Hence such modifications are regularly needed in a healthy run of the
programs of the Government as its primary duty is to provide basic
education to all its citizen.
By
Jayabrata Bardhan & Soumya Deep Saha
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