Skip to main content

Application of Remote Sensing & GIS Application in Watershed Management


Remote sensing and GIS techniques have emerged as powerful tools for watershed management programmes. Watershed management is the process of formulating and carrying out a course of action involving manipulation of natural system of a watershed to achieve specified objectives. This implies the proper use of land and water resources of watershed for optimum production with minimum hazard to natural resources. The quantitative analysis of drainage system is an important aspect of characterization of watersheds. Morphometry is measurement and mathematical analysis of landforms. Satellite images used for this study include Landsat 8 OLI image of 2018 year with a spatial resolution of 30m.Drainage networks and other baseline information of the watershed were prepared from the Survey of India top sheets on 1:50,000 scale and were further updated using satellite data. Landsat 8 OLI data of study area co-registered to Survey of India toposheet was used for displacement in the crust of the earth and have an important role to play in development of drainage network of the region. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the drainage morphometrics of Getalsud region using Remote Sensing and GIS approach. The low values of bifurcation ratio and drainage density suggest that the area has not been much affected by structural disturbances. The study reveals that the different geomorphic units in the study area i.e. Structural hills, Pediments, Valley fills, Pedi plains formed under the influence of permeable geology, are moderate to nearly level plains, with medium to low drainage density(<2.0)&low cumulative length of higher order streams. Such studies can be of immense help in planning and management of watershed.

Figure 1. Drainage map of the Study Area
Table 1. Stream orders, stream number, stream length in the study area.
Serial No
Stream Order
Stream Number
Total Stream Length (Km)
Mean Stream Length
Bifurcation Ratio
1.
1st order
131
101.62
0.77
-
2.
2nd order
40
56.75
1.41
3.2
3.
3rd order
11
21.15
1.92
3.6
4.
4th order
03
29.52
9.84
3.6
5.
5th order
01
12.27
10.05
3.0

Stream Order (Nu)
 The stream order of Getalsud region is presented in Table 1.The total number of stream segments is found to decrease as the stream order increases in the basin. The study reveals that the development of 1st order streams is maximum in the basement complex area and minimum in the alluvial plains (Table 1). The number of 1st stream order in a basin of a given size is dependent upon a number of factors which include climatic, geologic and hydrologic. The trunk stream through which all discharge of water and sediment passes is therefore the stream segment of the highest order Getalsud region which is the trunk in the study area is of the fifth order.
Stream Length (Lu)
The stream length of the various stream orders in Getalsud region is presented in Table 1. Stream length is one of the most important hydrological features of the basin as it reveals the surface runoff characteristics. Streams of relatively smaller lengths are characteristics of areas with larger slope and finer textures. Streams with longer lengths are generally the characteristics of flatter surface with low gradients. Usually, the total length of stream segments is highest in first stream orders and decreases as the stream order increases.

Figure 2.Harvesting structure of the Study Area
Table 2. Areal Aspects of the study area
Serial no
Parameter
Calculated value
1.
Drainage density
0.78
2.
Stream frequency
0.66



Figure3. LU/LC of the Study Area

The land use land cover map of the study area shows that the area mainly consists of waste land, fallow land .The small patches of dense vegetation & light vegetation can be seen.

Figure 4. Aspect Map of the Study Area
The study reveals that GIS and remote sensing can be very useful in evaluation of various morphometrics parameters and its influence on landforms. Interpretation of satellite images can help delineate lithological and geomorphic units. GIS facilitates analysis of various mor phometric parameters and acts as an effective tool in establishing relationship between drainage Morphometry and properties of landforms. The study also reveals that DEM can useful in studying the topography within GIS environment. Geomorphological study of an area is the systematic study of present day landforms, related to their origin, nature, development, geologic changes recorded by the surface features and their relationship to other underlying structures.A particular watershed may get the top priority due to various reasons, but, often, the intensity of land degradation is taken as the basis. The assessment of the physical parameters of the land is possible by analyzing the slope, soil, geomorphology, land use; terrain parameters etc. are very much amenable to GIS analysis. 
                              Obaidullah Ehrar, Msc (ARTD) 1st Year

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Traditional Marital Status of Santal Community

The important phase of life cycle is marriage. In the turning point of life marriage is very much significant in human social life. It is found among the every people of the society. It not only provides to make contact with the other people of the society but also gives an individual a social status. So, there are many rites and rituals are related with marriage. Marriage is socially recognized bonding of man and woman as this term is culturally constructed typically for the purpose of legitimate reproduction, the establishment of family or a creation of new household. So when mating gets social approval and when it controls the relation of a mated pair to each other, their kinsmen, their offspring and society at large, it will be known as marriage. Thus, marriage is the basis of the human society. Marriage in Santals community is a sign of prosperity and beginning of new life. The institution of marriage is very strong among them. Among them marriage is known as “ Bapla ”.   M

Rabindranath Tagore's idea of rural reconstruction

Rabindranath Tagore was not only a great poet rather he had got deep feeling for rural reconstruction in India. He always tried to make people happy not only economically rather by his songs Dave's and dharma also.                                              After successfully starting of Shatiniketan at Bolepur in West Bengal he thought about another separate Centre for rural all round development. It was Sriniketan. It visualized for self-supporting steps of rural people. Starting with neighboring villages, the institute has conducted it's activities in many villages. These villages are graped under sub-centers for the convenience of administration the area has been divided into two zones 1. Intensive area, 2. Extensive area. The first comprises 26 villages which are under the direct guidance and supervision of Sriniketan. The activities of the institution may be broadly divided into nine spheres 1.Agriculture 2.Industry, 3.Village-welfare, 4.Co-opa

Resource Map helps you to make better decisions

Resource Map is a free, open-source tool that helps you make better decisions by giving a better insight into the location and distribution of your resources . With Resource Map , our team can collaboratively record, track, and analyse resources at a glance using a live map In PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) Resource Map is a very effective tool to know about the resource of the place, and it is also a good method to involve all person at the same time as because of its large size. Everyone can contribute their ideas and knowledge about the place in Resource mapping. It is also a good tool to attract people’s mind into PRA as because we use various colour and different materials as needed it is quite interesting than other tools of PRA. In our Resource Map at Anjan gram of Gumla Dist. of Jharkhand we use different materials like tiles, green grasses, coloured powder, sketch pens, sand, stone of different size, chart paper, etc. Our team is divided into groups, the mass